Many were enticed to emigrate by offers of work in mines and plantations. It is thus possible to identify the ethnic identity of the people who occupied these sites, and to equate the material culture found there with Chinese inhabitants.Īt the same time many Chinese also moved to Southeast Asia. The Chinese in these areas tended to live in relatively homogeneous camps and urban districts, both by design and preference. These sites are relatively easy to locate, because they were recorded in maps, photographs, and documents. The American and Australian sites where Chinese migrants lived and worked have become a focus of interest for historical archaeologists in these regions ( Gonzalez-Tennant 2011). Several factors contributed to this development, chief among them the weakening Qing government in China and demand for labor in the construction and mining sectors in America and Australia. In the mid-19th century, Chinese emigration to North America and Australia accelerated.
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